tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-76747193065766113062024-03-05T04:05:31.462-05:00Joe Kennedy PhotographyMy Blog hopes to educate others in the particulars of photography through imagery, articles, links, etc.NikonJoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17118629062385262979noreply@blogger.comBlogger656125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674719306576611306.post-87282783463712928742018-12-31T02:00:00.001-05:002018-12-31T02:00:03.067-05:00That's All Folks!<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">Joe's pick - the Ballpoint Pen! Well, I did not hear from anyone else about their invention for the Top Fifty! Last call from <b><i>Pete</i></b> (y'all remember him), <b style="font-style: italic;">Tony, Jeff W., </b>and <b style="font-style: italic;">Joani</b>.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB4a_C2eQe7sVQMIaEXnxorrq2f55N6yNBxxfY1onQWKe-kh_T07kxGfNfiO5uEnUESD_YTu19XSCwDWPKx8JmkcHQWB-LnbxDbVnhF36fY5Q2CEUbu5NXEPDATsYvt6-15IdTKgmlwww/s1600/images.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="189" data-original-width="267" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB4a_C2eQe7sVQMIaEXnxorrq2f55N6yNBxxfY1onQWKe-kh_T07kxGfNfiO5uEnUESD_YTu19XSCwDWPKx8JmkcHQWB-LnbxDbVnhF36fY5Q2CEUbu5NXEPDATsYvt6-15IdTKgmlwww/s400/images.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Think about how much convenience has been added to our lives because of the ballpoint pen. I remember having to use ink and nib when practicing penmanship in grammar school. We had to dip the nib into the inkwell and write. We had to then blot our words. Can't tell you how many white shirts had to be thrown out after an afternoon of Palmer Method!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPV64rFQLCgjV5e6FFLlkYYddcKcT6zE0DylDPgLWR8Qbwrw2zyalIoNN2iOQJTa1mHRee0YKuIhVPAAUOsrX9YUERSfRpKZVU_GqJwVVeGVrtxwlaYfg2245p7Dkc00f6bXrFnImC_r4/s1600/dc59e26c03956e321ce46f8507f7efb9--saturday-morning-cartoons-cartoon-characters.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="178" data-original-width="236" height="301" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPV64rFQLCgjV5e6FFLlkYYddcKcT6zE0DylDPgLWR8Qbwrw2zyalIoNN2iOQJTa1mHRee0YKuIhVPAAUOsrX9YUERSfRpKZVU_GqJwVVeGVrtxwlaYfg2245p7Dkc00f6bXrFnImC_r4/s400/dc59e26c03956e321ce46f8507f7efb9--saturday-morning-cartoons-cartoon-characters.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: large;">Another year of blogging with some of my favorite images and you comes to an end. You were the reason for my efforts. There were weeks when I did not feel like digging up the image or the other parts of the weekly blog BUT I had an audience that was expecting me to come through - so I did. Thank you for playing along.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">Where do I go from here? I wish I knew. Do I have images? You betcha? What about a theme? Probably. Cartoons, you were thinking - plenty of them.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">Just not sure if I am up for another run at this though. </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">Watch your mailbox. . .</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>One of the Greatest Inventions of All Time!</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">The Ballpoint Pen!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">The first patent for a ballpoint pen</span><span style="color: #0645ad; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup> </sup></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">was issued on 30 October 1888, to <b><i>John J. Loud</i></b> who was attempting to make a writing instrument that would be able to write "on rough surfaces-such as wood, coarse wrapping-paper, and other articles”</span><span style="color: #0645ad; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup> </sup></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">which then-common fountain pens could not. Loud's pen had a small rotating steel ball, held in place by a socket. Although it could be used to mark rough surfaces such as leather, as Loud intended, it proved to be too coarse for letter-writing. With no commercial viability, its potential went unexploited</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"> and the patent eventually lapsed.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span style="font-kerning: none;">The manufacture of economical, reliable ballpoint pens as we know them arose from experimentation, modern chemistry, and precision manufacturing capabilities of the early 20th century. Patents filed worldwide during early development are testaments to failed attempts at making the pens commercially viable and widely available.</span><span style="color: #0645ad; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup> </sup></span><span style="font-kerning: none;">Early ballpoints did not deliver the ink evenly; overflow and clogging were among the obstacles inventors faced toward developing reliable ballpoint pens.</span><span style="color: #0645ad; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup> </sup></span><span style="font-kerning: none;">If the ball socket was too tight, or the ink too thick, it would not reach the paper. If the socket was too loose, or the ink too thin, the pen would leak or the ink would smear. <b><i>Laszio Biro</i></b>, a Hungarian newspaper editor frustrated by the amount of time that he wasted filling up fountain pens and cleaning up smudged pages, noticed that inks used in newspaper printing dried quickly, leaving the paper dry and smudge free. He decided to create a pen using the same type of ink.</span><span style="color: #0645ad; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup> </sup></span><span style="font-kerning: none;">Bíró enlisted the help of his brother <b><i>György</i></b>, a chemist,</span><span style="color: #0645ad; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup> </sup></span><span style="font-kerning: none;">to develop viscous ink formulae for new ballpoint designs.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Bíró's</i></b> innovation successfully coupled ink-viscosity with a ball-socket mechanism which acted compatibly to prevent ink from drying inside the reservoir while allowing controlled flow.</span><span style="color: #0645ad; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup> </sup></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><b><i>Bíró</i></b> filed a British patent on 15 June 1938</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b>Corry's Law. . .</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>Paper is always strongest </i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>at the
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<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Leaving You with a Laugh, I Hope. . .</i></b></span><br />
<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>"No Regrets here!"</i></b></span></div>
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<b><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #4c1130; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Thank you for your support. . . </span></i></b></div>
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NikonJoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17118629062385262979noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674719306576611306.post-41849463688097030302018-12-24T02:00:00.000-05:002018-12-24T02:00:22.232-05:00#00 - "The Wheel"<br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">#1was the </span><b style="font-size: x-large;"><i>printing press</i></b><span style="font-size: large;">! <b style="font-style: italic;">Joani, Mike, </b>and<b style="font-style: italic;"> Peyton</b> managed to get their final responses in on time. Also, Long time follower, <b><i>Carol</i></b> dropped by1</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">"<b><i>The Wheel"</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: large;">Here's one that definitely should have made the list. Think of all of the places/items/inventions that employ the wheel! Beyond transportation there are a plethora of other uses for the wheel.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">I personally give credit to Fred Flintstone and Barney Rubble for its invention!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Greatest Inventions of All Time!</i></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">Well, that was certainly an educational ride through these Top Fifty inventions! You should be proud of yourselves - you did very well.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;">Since we have run the list, you have this week off.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">What invention do you think should have made the list? For me, it was something simple which I will share with you next week. So send me your one invention that should have been included.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Murphy's Laws</i></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b>Conference Principle. . .</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>The speaker with the most
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<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Leaving You with a Laugh, I Hope. . .</i></b></span><br />
<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>"Basic Algebra. . ."</i></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span>NikonJoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17118629062385262979noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674719306576611306.post-23695282963440202072018-12-17T02:00:00.000-05:002018-12-17T02:00:04.862-05:00#1 - "Trashed!"<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">#2 was <b><i>electricity</i></b>!<b style="font-style: italic;"> Peyton, Tony, Mike, Milt, </b>and<b style="font-style: italic;"> Joani</b> lit their bulbs for this one1</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">"<b><i>Trashed!</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: large;">As I wrapped up a model shoot inside this <b>East Bridgewater Abandoned Factory</b>, I noticed this trash barrel outside the back door. It had character and potential for a grunge look.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">After five minutes with PS and my NIK family of filters, I got this final image. Right away I knew it had to be part of my "industrials!"</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Greatest Inventions of All Time!</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Recently I came across an article about the greatest inventions as determined by a large group of scientists, philosophers, educators, and other professions. Their task was to create a list of "the Greatest Inventions of All Time." Conveniently, the final list numbered fifty! so, I'm starting with #50 and working my way down to Numero Uno in December.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Fear not as I will offer you some hints as to what the invention was.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b>#1 Greatest Invention of All time. . .</b></span><br />
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Almost 90% of those responding choose this to be the greatest invention of all time! You have benefitted from it greatly most of your life. Top Fifty Invention author, Dyson described its invention as the turning point at which “knowledge began freely replicating and quickly assumed a life of its own.”</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">#1 is a device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink. It marked a dramatic improvement on earlier methods in which the cloth, paper or other medium was brushed or rubbed repeatedly to achieve the transfer of ink, and accelerated the process. Typically used for texts, the invention and its global spread was one of the most influential events in the second millennium.</span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>Johannes Gutenberg</i></b>, a goldsmith by profession, developed, circa 1439, a system by adapting existing technologies.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Murphy's Laws</i></b></span><br />
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>When you don't know what to do, </i></b></span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>walk fast and look worried.</i></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>"Tree Delivery Service"</i></b></span></div>
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NikonJoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17118629062385262979noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674719306576611306.post-38287927112355508872018-12-10T02:00:00.000-05:002018-12-10T02:00:01.166-05:00#2 - "WTC Cross"<br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">#3 was <b><i>penicillin</i></b>! A shot in the arm from <b><i>Elaine, Peyton, Tony, Milt, Mike, and Joani</i></b>.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">"<b><i>WTC Cross"</i></b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKTz0lfiWY4B9Wo5HEsmDw-ZQlZr2KDblkRVRStQPiUTnpyZFh4IPlBslVYYEKRw1ienjckXN3fYWHX2qRClukmhK9bC-8GfNHQzEjTdyy6ckqs0-KXi52Dpugu-PWYRlm8391LFwbxAk/s1600/50+WTC+Cross+Plus.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="533" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKTz0lfiWY4B9Wo5HEsmDw-ZQlZr2KDblkRVRStQPiUTnpyZFh4IPlBslVYYEKRw1ienjckXN3fYWHX2qRClukmhK9bC-8GfNHQzEjTdyy6ckqs0-KXi52Dpugu-PWYRlm8391LFwbxAk/s400/50+WTC+Cross+Plus.jpg" width="266" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Some time after the tragedy of 9/11, I was in NYC. My wife and I walked around various sites and came upon this makeshift memorial to 9/11 at </span><b style="font-size: x-large;">Ground Zero</b><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">. The beams formed a cross and someone took it upon himself to make it a memorial. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">I am not sure where this WTC Cross finally ended up. I do know my hometown managed to get one section of the steel girders for display at our fire station.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Greatest Inventions of All Time!</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Recently I came across an article about the greatest inventions as determined by a large group of scientists, philosophers, educators, and other professions. Their task was to create a list of "the Greatest Inventions of All Time." Conveniently, the final list numbered fifty! so, I'm starting with #50 and working my way down to Numero Uno in December.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Fear not as I will offer you some hints as to what the invention was.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b>#2 - Winding Down. . .</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;">Our next invention made it possible for at least eight of the top 50 inventions to be! It happened somewhere in the late 19</span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><sup>th</sup></span><span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"> century.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b>#2</b> is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. In early days, it was considered as being not related to magnetism. Later on, many experimental results and the development of <b><i>Maxwell</i></b>’s equations indicated that both #2 and magnetism are from a single phenomenon. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">This Top Ten invention is at the heart of many modern technologies. It has been studied since antiquity, though progress in theoretical understanding remained slow until the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Even then, practical applications for it were few, and it would not be until the late nineteenth century that engineers were able to put it to industrial and residential use. The rapid expansion in this technology at this time transformed industry and society, becoming a driving force for the <b><i>Second Industrial Revolution. </i></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Hint: Menlo Park </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Murphy's Laws</i></b></span><br />
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><i><b>To err is human, </b></i></span></span></div>
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NikonJoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17118629062385262979noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674719306576611306.post-10458665922376518062018-12-03T02:00:00.000-05:002018-12-03T02:00:02.700-05:00#3 - "Gearing Up II"<br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">#4 was the <b><i>semiconductor</i></b>! Well done my semi-conductor friends - <i style="font-weight: bold;">Peyton, Michelle, Milt, Joani, </i>and<i style="font-weight: bold;"> Mike</i>. <b>Elaine</b> claims she never got the blog. . .</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">"<b><i>Gearing Up II"</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: large;">Still in <b><i>Slater's Mill</i></b>, I found these gears waiting patiently for me. These gears are quite larger than those from last week but this is what was needed to run these mill devices smoothly - gears of all sizes. I did like the accessibility and the up and down position of these two.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Greatest Inventions of All Time!</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Recently I came across an article about the greatest inventions as determined by a large group of scientists, philosophers, educators, and other professions. Their task was to create a list of "the Greatest Inventions of All Time." Conveniently, the final list numbered fifty! so, I'm starting with #50 and working my way down to Numero Uno in December.</span><br />
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">One of the first and still one of the most widely used antibiotic agents, derived from mold.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">In 1928 Scottish bacteriologist <b><i>Alexander Fleming</i></b> first observed that colonies of the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus failed to grow in those areas of a culture that had been accidentally contaminated by a green mold. He isolated the mold, grew it in a fluid medium, and found that it produced a substance capable of killing many of the common bacteria that infect humans.</span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Number Three was among the first medications to be effective against many bacterial infections caused by staphylococci and streptococci. They are still widely used today, though many types of bacterial have developed resistance following extensive use.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Murphy's Laws</i></b></span><br />
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<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>"Go for the Juggler!</i></b></span></div>
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NikonJoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17118629062385262979noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674719306576611306.post-88227617015680720092018-11-26T02:00:00.000-05:002018-11-26T02:00:01.719-05:00#4 - "In Synch"<br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">#5 was <b><i>Optical Lenses</i></b>! Guess the MA followers were included in this one as <b style="font-style: italic;">Elaine, Tony </b>and <b style="font-style: italic;">Milt</b> from MA were accounted for while out-of-staters <i style="font-weight: bold;">Peyton, Joani, </i>and<i style="font-weight: bold;"> Mike</i> got their blog on time. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">"<b><i>In Synch"</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">I had known of <b><i>Slater's Mill</i></b> in nearby Rhode Island for many years but never been there. I finally packed up my mirrorless and my new macro lens and headed off to see this iconic place. As luck would have it, my tour group was only seven people which gave me ample space and time to stop and shoot the "industrial." Tripods were not allowed so I had to rely on a higher ISO and my steady hands.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">The intricate detail needed to run these machines successfully was obvious. These three gear wheels were typical of the craftsmanship and durability of the designers of our early Industrial Age.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Greatest Inventions of All Time!</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Recently I came across an article about the greatest inventions as determined by a large group of scientists, philosophers, educators, and other professions. Their task was to create a list of "the Greatest Inventions of All Time." Conveniently, the final list numbered fifty! so, I'm starting with #50 and working my way down to Numero Uno in December.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Fear not as I will offer you some hints as to what the invention was.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b>#4 </b></span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">shapes the physical foundation of the virtual world!</span></span><br />
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">#4 are <span class="s2">electronic components</span> that exploit the <span class="s2">electronic</span> properties of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>materials, principally <span class="s2">silicon</span>, <span class="s2">germanium</span>, and <span class="s2">gallium arsenide</span>.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">They have replaced <span class="s2">thermionic devices</span> (vacuum tubes) in most applications. They use <span class="s2">electronic</span> <span class="s2">conduction</span> in the <span class="s2">solid state</span> as opposed to the <span class="s2">gaseous state</span> or <span class="s2">thermionic emission</span> in a high vacuum.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s1">These devices made per year have been growing by 9.1% on average since 1978 and shipments in 2018 are predicted for the first time to exceed 1 trillion,</span><span class="s3"><sup> </sup></span><span class="s1">meaning well over 7 trillion has been made to date, in just in the decade prior!</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Murphy's Laws</i></b></span><br />
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<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Leaving You with a Laugh, I Hope. . .</i></b></span><br />
<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>"Eye Doctor's Parking Area!"</i></b></span></div>
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NikonJoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17118629062385262979noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674719306576611306.post-75732456503378895532018-11-19T02:00:00.000-05:002018-11-19T02:00:04.046-05:00#5 - "Twin Shut-offs"<br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">#6 was <b><i>paper</i></b>! Something running afoul with this blog as once again those outside of Massachusetts go to see it - <b><i>Peyton, Mike, and Joani</i></b> while our in-staters were closed out.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">"<b><i>Twin Shut-offs"</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">As I mentioned several entries ago, the <b>Stone Mill </b>had been stripped of much of its inner workings. I struggled to find items of interest to fill the time there. Over in the corner, near what once was the floor's only bathroom were these two shut-off valves - "the twins!"</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Greatest Inventions of All Time!</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Recently I came across an article about the greatest inventions as determined by a large group of scientists, philosophers, educators, and other professions. Their task was to create a list of "the Greatest Inventions of All Time." Conveniently, the final list numbered fifty! so, I'm starting with #50 and working my way down to Numero Uno in December.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Fear not as I will offer you some hints as to what the invention was.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b>#5</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">At Number Five:</span><span style="font-size: 18.6667px; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;"> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Refracting light through glass is one of those simple ideas that took a mysteriously long time to catch on. “The Romans had a glass industry, and there’s even a passage in Seneca about the optical effects of a glass bowl of water.”</span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="-webkit-text-stroke: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke: rgb(0, 0, 0);">But it was centuries before the invention of #5 dramatically raised the collective human IQ, and eventually led to the creation of the microscope and the telescope.</span></span><br />
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">This <b>Top Ten Winner</b> can be made from materials such as glass or plastic, and are ground and polished or molded to a desired shape.</span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>"Hard Homework"</i></b></span></div>
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NikonJoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17118629062385262979noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674719306576611306.post-88529981935207479712018-11-12T02:00:00.000-05:002018-11-12T02:00:02.598-05:00#6 - "Unplugged!"<br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">#7 was the <b><i>internal combustible engine</i></b>! Can't fool this group - <b><i>Elaine, Mike, Tony, Peyton, and Joani</i></b>!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">"<b><i>Unplugged!"</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">When I reached the top floor of the <b>Stone Mill, </b>I saw a strange-looking object at the far end. It looked like an electric chair! It had the wires connecting to it and the head gear I had seen on TV. I thought this would make a most interesting capture. There was a guy fiddling around in front of it and I thought he would never leave. Turns out he was the man who crafted this chair. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Well, he did leave me alone with his device so all I needed was a subject to sit in it. Not seeing anyone around, I decided to ghost it. This is when you have a long exposure and you position yourself in the frame for upwards of half of that exposure time. After several experiments, I had it just right!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Of course, I checked the plugs just BEFORE I sat down EVERY time! </span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Greatest Inventions of All Time!</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Recently I came across an article about the greatest inventions as determined by a large group of scientists, philosophers, educators, and other professions. Their task was to create a list of "the Greatest Inventions of All Time." Conveniently, the final list numbered fifty! so, I'm starting with #50 and working my way down to Numero Uno in December.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Fear not as I will offer you some hints as to what the invention was.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b>#6</b></span><br />
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">“The idea of stamping images is natural if you have #6, but until then, it’s economically unaffordable.” — Charles C. Mann</span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>It is a thin material produced by pressing together moist fibres of cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags, or grasses and drying them into flexible sheets. It is a versatile material with many uses, including writing, printing packaging, cleaning, and a number of industrial and construction processes.</span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">The pulp making process is said to have been developed in China during the early 2nd century, possibly as early as the year 105 AD by the Han court although the earliest archaeological fragments of #6 derive from the 2nd century BC in China. The modern industry is global, with China leading its production and the United States right behind it.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Murphy's Laws</i></b></span><br />
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<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>"Between Two Evils"</i></b></span></div>
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NikonJoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17118629062385262979noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674719306576611306.post-16007073274065153472018-11-05T02:00:00.000-05:002018-11-05T02:00:00.829-05:00#7 - "Downspout Patina"<br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">#8 was <b><i>vaccination</i></b>! Heard from <b style="font-style: italic;">Elaine, Milt, Peyton, Joani, Mike, Jeff W. </b>and<b style="font-style: italic;"> Doris</b>! Not too late to get your flu shot!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">"<b><i>Downspout Patina"</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: large;">This downspout was almost a missed shot. I was driving home from shooting some lighthouses in CT when I noticed an old stone church on the corner. I drove another two minutes down the road before I decided it was worth making a u-turn. The building was a small chapel on the grounds of an old cemetery - the <b>Avery Cemetery Chapel</b>. I shot the structure from several angles before I noticed this downspout. It had character in its design and its patina. Although I thought the chapel looked best as a monochromatic, I had to allow those viewing this to see it as it was shot - that green against the stone!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Greatest Inventions of All Time!</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Recently I came across an article about the greatest inventions as determined by a large group of scientists, philosophers, educators, and other professions. Their task was to create a list of "the Greatest Inventions of All Time." Conveniently, the final list numbered fifty! so, I'm starting with #50 and working my way down to Numero Uno in December.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Fear not as I will offer you some hints as to what the invention was.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b>#7</b></span><br />
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Late 19th century</span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">#7 turned air and fuel into power, eventually replacing the steam engine (No. 10)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span class="s1">The first commercially successful device was created by Lenoir around 1859</span><span class="s2"><sup> </sup></span><span class="s1">and the first modern one was created in 1876 by Nikolaus Otto.</span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">#7 usually refers to a machine with two-stroke pistons, along with variants, such as the six-stroke and the Wankel Rotary. Firearms are also a form of #7.</span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Typically #Seven is fed with fossil fuels like natural gas or petroleum products. There is a growing usage renewable fuels. Hydrogen is sometimes used, and can be obtained from either fossil fuels or renewable energy.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Murphy's Laws</i></b></span><br />
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>When the going gets tough, </i></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Leaving You with a Laugh, I Hope. . .</i></b></span><br />
<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>"Appreciation"</i></b></span></div>
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NikonJoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17118629062385262979noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674719306576611306.post-36078120701201410002018-10-29T02:00:00.000-04:002018-10-29T02:00:05.639-04:00#8 - "Stone Mill II"<br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">#9 was the <b><i>Internet</i></b>! Glitch with #9 invention kept this week's blog out of the homes of hundreds of my followers. It appears those out-of-state (<b style="font-style: italic;">Peyton, Joani, </b>and<b style="font-style: italic;"> Mike Di.</b>) fared better than the home-grown ones! </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">"<b><i>Stone Mill II"</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b> </b>The <b>Stone Mill </b>was the meeting location for my Scott Kelby 2016 Photo Walk. Because of the threat of rain, I decided to drive the extra distance as there was an option to shoot indoors. And, did it rain - many of the other Walks in New England were cancelled. So we spent a great part of our shoot inside the old mills.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">I walked by this shot a few times knowing that there was something there. The lighting and the contrast on the building was causing me concern. With my trusty tripod in hand, I went the way of HDR as I took five shots of this from an over exposure of 2 stops to an under one of 2 stops as well. Then with the help of PhotoShop and NIK filters I was able to combine them into this final frame.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Each Photo Walk leader is allowed to choose one image from his group to submit to Kelby for further honors. My "Stone Mill" was the <b><i>2016 Choice for the Lawrence Mills Shoot</i></b>! (ED Note - my 2017 shot also took top honors in my photo group!)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Greatest Inventions of All Time!</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Recently I came across an article about the greatest inventions as determined by a large group of scientists, philosophers, educators, and other professions. Their task was to create a list of "the Greatest Inventions of All Time." Conveniently, the final list numbered fifty! so, I'm starting with #50 and working my way down to Numero Uno in December.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Fear not as I will offer you some hints as to what the invention was.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Getting closer to Numero Uno!!</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">#8 </span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span class="s1">is the administration of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> an </span>antigenic to stimulate an individual’s immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen. They can prevent or ameliorate infectious diseases. When a sufficiently large percentage of a population has gone through #8, herd immunity results. It is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases;</span><span class="s2"><sup> </sup></span><span class="s1">widespread immunity is largely responsible for the worldwide eradication of smallpox and polio, measles, etc.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Murphy's Laws</i></b></span><br />
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<span class="s1"><b><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Jones' Law (aka Nixon's Law). . .</span></b></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>The man who can smile when things go wrong -- </i></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Leaving You with a Laugh, I Hope. . .</i></b></span><br />
<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>"iPhone Accessory"</i></b></span></div>
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NikonJoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17118629062385262979noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674719306576611306.post-81152368324357523952018-10-22T02:00:00.000-04:002018-10-22T02:00:06.982-04:00#9 - "Weights and Measures"<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">#10 - Full <b>STEAM</b> ahead for <b style="font-style: italic;">Michelle, Mike, Elaine, Peyton, Milt,</b> and <b style="font-style: italic;">Joani </b>as it was the Steam Engine!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">"<b><i>Weights and Measures"</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">The clock tower at the <b>Fairhaven Town Hall</b> had a huge bell in it. Fortunately, I was NOT in the area when it struck the hour! These items were used to counterbalance the clock mechanism. At present they were just resting in place. I'm not sure if they were still in use. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Greatest Inventions of All Time!</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Recently I came across an article about the greatest inventions as determined by a large group of scientists, philosophers, educators, and other professions. Their task was to create a list of "the Greatest Inventions of All Time." Conveniently, the final list numbered fifty! so, I'm starting with #50 and working my way down to Numero Uno in December.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Fear not as I will offer you some hints as to what the invention was.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b>#9</b></span><br />
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">#9 is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide. It is a <i><b>network of networks</b></i> that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. It carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications, electronic mail, and file sharing!</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s1" style="-webkit-text-stroke: rgb(34, 34, 34); color: #222222;">Its origins date back to research commissioned by the federal government of the U. S. in the 1960s to build robust, fault-tolerant communication with computer networks.</span><span class="s2" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: initial;"><sup> </sup></span><span class="s1" style="-webkit-text-stroke: rgb(34, 34, 34); color: #222222;">The funding of the NSF Network as a new backbone in the 1980s, as well as private funding for other commercial extensions, led to worldwide participation in the development of new networking technologies, and the merger of many networks.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Murphy's Laws</i></b></span><br />
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<span class="s1"><b><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Miksch's Law. . .</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>"Auto Repair Chart"</i></b></span></div>
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NikonJoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17118629062385262979noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674719306576611306.post-10827030713165222762018-10-15T02:00:00.000-04:002018-10-15T02:00:03.070-04:00#10 - "Oil Pump II"<br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">#11 <b><i>nitrogen fixation</i></b>! Those who chose "C" were more correct than the others - <i style="font-weight: bold;">Michelle, Joani, Peyton, </i>and<i style="font-weight: bold;"> Tony</i>!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">"<b><i>Oil Pump II"</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">At the <b>Stone Mill </b>I came across this pump still attached to a large drum. I believe it was used to get the oil or grease from the drum into the proper machinery. What fascinated me the most was seeing the cobwebs on it. I guess this hand device had not been disturbed in quite some time. Because of the little hint of blue paint on the rust, I opted to keep this in color and not try a B&W conversion. Also, the rust and yellow on the back wall helped to pop out the pump. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Greatest Inventions of All Time!</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Recently I came across an article about the greatest inventions as determined by a large group of scientists, philosophers, educators, and other professions. Their task was to create a list of "the Greatest Inventions of All Time." Conveniently, the final list numbered fifty! so, I'm starting with #50 and working my way down to Numero Uno in December.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Fear not as I will offer you some hints as to what the invention was.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b>#10 - Top Ten Time!</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span class="s1">The use of boiling water to produce mechanical motion goes back over 2000 years, but early devices were not practical. The Spanish inventor <b>Beaumont</b> obtained a patent for a rudimentary water pump in 1606.</span><span class="s2"><sup> </sup></span><span class="s1">In 1698 <b>Thomas Savery</b> patented a pump that used this medium in direct contact with the water being pumped. Savery's device created a partial vacuum and draw water into a chamber, and then applied pressurized medium<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>to further pump the water.</span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b>Thomas Newcomen’s</b> idea was the first commercial true #10 using a piston, and was used in 1712 for removing flood water from a mine. 104 were in use by 1733. Eventually over two thousand of them were installed.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span class="s1">In 1781 Scottish engineer<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b>James Watt</b> patented his invention that produced continuous rotary motion.</span><span class="s2"><sup> </sup></span><span class="s1">Watt's ten- horsepower devices enabled a wide range of manufacturing machinery to be powered. They could be sited anywhere that water and coal or wood fuel could be obtained. This stationary <b>invention</b> was a key component of the Industrial Revolution, allowing factories to locate where water power was unavailable.</span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"># TEN powered the factories, trains, and ships that drove the Industrial Revolution!</span></span></div>
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NikonJoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17118629062385262979noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674719306576611306.post-84290606568574956472018-10-08T02:00:00.000-04:002018-10-08T19:53:09.450-04:00#11 - "Gearing Up"<br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">#12 was <b><i>sanitation systems</i></b>! Well done, <i style="font-weight: bold;">Peyton, Joani, Michelle, Elaine, Milt, </i>and <i style="font-weight: bold;">Mike!</i></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">"<b><i>Gearing Up"</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: large;">Another recent grab from <b><i>Slater's Mill</i></b> was this set of gears that helped to run the elaborate cotong threading machines. The docent was pretty sure that any machine designs that were brought over from England had to be <b><u>memorized</u></b> in detail as it was illegal to have hard copies of them! These devices were made up of thousand of pieces! </span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Greatest Inventions of All Time!</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Recently I came across an article about the greatest inventions as determined by a large group of scientists, philosophers, educators, and other professions. Their task was to create a list of "the Greatest Inventions of All Time." Conveniently, the final list numbered fifty! so, I'm starting with #50 and working my way down to Numero Uno in December.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Fear not as I will offer you some hints as to what the invention was.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b>#11</b></span><br />
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">#11 is essential for some forms of life because inorganic nitrogen compounds are required for the biosynthesis of the basic building blocks of plants, animals and other life forms, e.g., nucleotides for DNA and RNA, and amino acids for proteins. Therefore, as part of the nitrogen cycle, it is essential for agriculture and the manufacture of fertilizer. </span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">It is also, indirectly, relevant to the manufacture of all chemical compounds that contain nitrogen, which includes explosives, most pharmaceuticals, and dyes. This process is carried out naturally in the soil by a wide range of nitrogen fixing bacteria.</span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">The German chemist Fritz Haber, also the father of chemical weapons, won a Nobel Prize for his development of the ammonia-synthesis process, which was used to create a new class of fertilizers central to the green revolution (No. 22).</span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">I realize these clues are not very helpful so if you still need help, go to the bottom of this week's blog for multiple choices. . . </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Possible Answers:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large; text-align: left;">A. Nitrogen Fixation</span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large; text-align: left;"> </span><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large; text-align: left;"> </span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large; text-align: left;">B. Nitrogen Fixation</span></div>
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<span class="s1" style="font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"> C. Nitrogen Fixation D. Nitrogen Fixation</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">#13 <b><i>refrigeration</i></b>! Slow week out there or the answer was too easy. Thanks for responding - <b style="font-style: italic;">Elaine, Mike, Peyton, </b>and <b style="font-style: italic;">Joani!</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">"<b><i>No Escape Hatch!"</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"> Secured hatches were all over the <b>Boston Waterworks Museum.</b> I especially liked this one because of the red against that light gray. The peeling paint around the hatch as well as that situation on the red cover was an added bonus. Trying to keep it simple, I simply filled the frame with it!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Greatest Inventions of All Time!</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Recently I came across an article about the greatest inventions as determined by a large group of scientists, philosophers, educators, and other professions. Their task was to create a list of "the Greatest Inventions of All Time." Conveniently, the final list numbered fifty! so, I'm starting with #50 and working my way down to Numero Uno in December.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Fear not as I will offer you some hints as to what the invention was.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b>#12</b></span><br />
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">A major reason we live 40 years longer than we did in 1880!<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span class="s1">Major human settlements could initially develop only where fresh surface water was plentiful, such as near rivers or natural springs. Throughout history people have devised systems to get water into their communities and households, and to dispose (and later also treat) wastewater.</span><span class="s2"><sup> </sup></span><span class="s1">The focus of #12 at that time was on conveying this disposal to a natural body of water where it would be diluted and dissipated.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span class="s1">In ancient Rome this was quite extensive. These systems consisted of stone and wooden drains to collect and remove wastewater from populated areas. It is estimated that the first devices of ancient Rome were built between 800 and 735 BCE.</span><span class="s2"><sup><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></sup></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span class="s1">There is little record of other systems in most of Europe until the High Middle Ages. Unsanitary conditions and overcrowding were widespread throughout Europe and Asia at this time. This resulted in pandemics such as the Black Death (1347-1351), which killed tens of millions of people.</span><span class="s2"><sup> </sup></span><span class="s1">Very high infant and child mortality prevailed in Europe throughout medieval times, due partly to deficiencies in setting up #12.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Murphy's Laws</i></b></span><br />
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<span class="s1"><b><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Prudhomme's Law of Window Cleaning. . .</span></b></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>It's always on the other side!</i></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Leaving You with a Laugh, I Hope. . .</i></b></span><br />
<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>"MAGA, sort of. . ."</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">#14 was <b><i>gunpowder</i></b>! Well done <b style="font-style: italic;">Elaine, Milt, Mike, Peyton, </b>and <b style="font-style: italic;">Joani!</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">"<b><i>Hydrant Cover"</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">I can't tell you how many times I heard judges, presenters, and workshop instructors remind me to look behind, look up, and even look down! As I was meandering my way through the sub-basement of the <b>Boston Waterworks Museum,</b> I noticed the covering under which housed a hydrant. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Have you ever appreciated the craftsmanship of older generations? A simple plate would have served the purpose! But someone thought not only to have the company and the object under it on this cover but also finished it with a balanced design! Kind of reminded me of the details on our vehicles from the past - chrome, decals, emblems, etc. - the work of many was readily seen all over these automobiles. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Greatest Inventions of All Time!</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Recently I came across an article about the greatest inventions as determined by a large group of scientists, philosophers, educators, and other professions. Their task was to create a list of "the Greatest Inventions of All Time." Conveniently, the final list numbered fifty! so, I'm starting with #50 and working my way down to Numero Uno in December.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Fear not as I will offer you some hints as to what the invention was.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b>#13</b></span><br />
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">“Discovering how to make cold would change the way we eat - and live - almost as profoundly as discovering how to cook.” </span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #222222; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);">History behind #13: </span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">The seasonal harvesting of snow and ice is an ancient practice estimated to have begun earlier than 1000 B.C. However, little is known about the construction of these ice cellars or what the ice was used for. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">The next ancient society to harvest ice may have been the Jews according to the book of Proverbs, which reads, “As the cold of snow in the time of harvest, so is a faithful messenger to them who sent him.” Historians have interpreted this to mean that the Jews used ice to cool beverages rather than to preserve food. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Other ancient cultures such as the Greeks and the Romans dug large snow pits insulated with grass, chaff, or branches of trees. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">In the Australian outback before a reliable electricity supply was available where the weather could be hot and dry, many farmers used a “Coolgardie safe". This consisted of a room with hessian "curtains" hanging from the ceiling soaked in water. The water would evaporate and thereby cool the hessian curtains and thereby the air circulating in the room. This would allow many perishables such as fruit, butter, and cured meats to be kept that would normally spoil in the heat.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Murphy's Laws</i></b></span><br />
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<span class="s1"><b><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Kafka's Law. . .</span></b></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>In the fight between you and the world, </i></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Leaving You with a Laugh, I Hope. . .</i></b></span><br />
<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>"Best of Friends"</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">#15 was the <b><i>airplane</i></b>! Right? <b style="font-style: italic;">Michelle, Peyton, Milt, Joani, Elaine, </b>and<b style="font-style: italic;"> Mike.</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">"<b><i>Worthington/Snow Engine"</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">At the turn of the century, a company in Buffalo, NY began to revolutionize the steam engine business. Henry Worthington started the business around the 1840s but it was his sons who took it to the next level of international prominence! James Snow had been building steam engines back in 1889. He finally joined up with the Worthingtons to produce the Worthington/Snow steam engine. This massive machine can be viewed at the <b>Haul of Fame </b>in CT.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Greatest Inventions of All Time!</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Recently I came across an article about the greatest inventions as determined by a large group of scientists, philosophers, educators, and other professions. Their task was to create a list of "the Greatest Inventions of All Time." Conveniently, the final list numbered fifty! so, I'm starting with #50 and working my way down to Numero Uno in December.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Fear not as I will offer you some hints as to what the invention was.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b>#14</b></span><br />
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">#14 is also known as <b>black powder</b> to distinguish it from modern smokeless powder, is the earliest known chemical<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>explosive. It consists of a mixture of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>sulphur, charcoal, and saltpeter. The sulfur and charcoal act as fuels while the saltpeter is an oxidizer. Because of its incendiary properties and the amount of heat and gas volume that it generates, #14 has been widely used as a propellant in firearms, artillery, rockets, and fireworks.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span class="s1">It was invented in 9th-century China and spread throughout most parts of Eurasia by the end of the 13th century.</span><span class="s2"><sup>[3]</sup></span><span class="s1"> Originally developed by the Taoists for medicinal purposes, it was first used for warfare about 1000 AD.</span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Today firearms using this invention are limited primarily to hunting, target shooting, and bulletless historical reenactments.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: inherit;">Outsourced killing to a machine!</span></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Murphy's Laws</i></b></span><br />
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>As soon as the stewardess serves coffee, </i></b></span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>the airliner encounters turbulence.</i></b></span></span></div>
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NikonJoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17118629062385262979noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674719306576611306.post-17508503653629282682018-09-10T02:00:00.000-04:002018-09-10T02:00:06.011-04:00#15 - "Plethora of Oil Cans"<br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">#16 was the <b><i>personal computer</i></b>! Still have <b style="font-style: italic;">Peyton, Joani, Milt, </b>and<b style="font-style: italic;"> Michelle</b> out there. . .</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">"<b><i>Plethora of Oil Cans"</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">I was at the right place at the right time a few years back when someone offered an opportunity to shoot inside of the garage belonging to radio personalities<b> Click and Clack!</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Every year the two car guys host a road rallye at their place in Middleborough. Their collection of antique cars and other memorabilia was fascinating. Downstairs they had an entire soda fountain set up - with a heavy presence of Coca-Cola items!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">On one of the shelves they spread out their collection of oil cans. All kinds of shapes and sizes filled the space.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Looking back on that day, I don't think the invite was extended to the handful of us who did show up but the hosts were gracious in allowing us to get our shots!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Greatest Inventions of All Time!</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Recently I came across an article about the greatest inventions as determined by a large group of scientists, philosophers, educators, and other professions. Their task was to create a list of "the Greatest Inventions of All Time." Conveniently, the final list numbered fifty! so, I'm starting with #50 and working my way down to Numero Uno in December.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Fear not as I will offer you some hints as to what the invention was.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b>#15</b></span><br />
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Transformed travel, warfare, and our view of the world! </span></span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">The <b><i>Wright Brothers</i></b> are credited with inventing and getting #15 to perform in 1903!<span class="Apple-converted-space"> See, no multiple choices today!</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span class="s1"></span>(<b><i>Kitty Hawk Recreation</i></b>)</span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">They built on the works of <b><i>George Cayley</i></b> dating from 1799, when he set forth the concept of the modern device. Between 1867 and 1896, the German pioneer <b><i>Otto Lilienthal</i></b> also studied this concept. Following its limited use in World War I, the technology continued to develop. #15 had a presence in all the major battles of WWII.</span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><b><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Woltman's Law. . .</span></b></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>Never program and drink beer at the same time.</i></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Leaving You with a Laugh, I Hope. . .</i></b></span><br />
<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>"Much Needed!"</i></b></span></div>
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NikonJoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17118629062385262979noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674719306576611306.post-4393151708720778112018-09-03T02:00:00.000-04:002018-09-03T02:00:04.717-04:00#16 - "Gearing Up"<br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">#19 was the <b><i>compass</i></b>! You guys (<b><i>Milt, Mike, Elaine, Peyton, Tony, Michelle, Joani </i></b>and first time responder and photo-friend, <b><i>Steve T.</i></b>) are goooood!! </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">"<b><i>Gearing Up</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: large;">Just shot last Friday (8/31) at <b><i>Slater's Mill</i></b> in Pawtucket, RI. The buildings housed a plethora of milling machines over one hundred years old. Interestingly, kids "manned" these machines working upwards of sixteen hours a day! </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">Perhaps, I'll pull a few others from this most recent shoot - fun day photographing America's industrial past!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Greatest Inventions of All Time!</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Recently I came across an article about the greatest inventions as determined by a large group of scientists, philosophers, educators, and other professions. Their task was to create a list of "the Greatest Inventions of All Time." Conveniently, the final list numbered fifty! so, I'm starting with #50 and working my way down to Numero Uno in December.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Fear not as I will offer you some hints as to what the invention was.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b>#16</b></span><br />
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Like the lever (No. 48) and the abacus (No. 43), it augmented human capabilities.</span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">The history of #16 as a mass-market consumer electronic device began with in the 1980s by the <b><i>International Business Machine Co</i></b>. They developed such a device for individual use.</span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">After the development of the microprocessor, #16 was low enough in cost that they eventually became affordable consumer goods.</span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">No clues this week either! Much too easy. . .</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Murphy's Laws</i></b></span><br />
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<span class="s1"><b><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Oliver's Law of Location. . .</span></b></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>No matter where you are, </i></b></span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>there you are.</i></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Leaving You with a Laugh, I Hope. . .</i></b></span><br />
<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>"Love to See This!"</i></b></span></div>
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NikonJoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17118629062385262979noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674719306576611306.post-27945901177030696692018-08-27T02:00:00.000-04:002018-08-27T02:00:01.080-04:00#17 - "Steam Gauge"<br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">#18 was the <b><i>automobile</i></b>! Well done - J<b style="font-style: italic;">oani, Milt, Elaine, Mike, </b>and <b style="font-style: italic;">Peyton! </b><span>And,</span><b style="font-style: italic;"> Michelle </b><span>j</span><span>ust under the gun!</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">"<b><i>Steam Gauge"</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"> If smalls are to your liking, then you will like photographing in the <b>Charles River Museum. </b>These items were everywhere - could have spent another three hours walking and shooting. You just had to slow down so as not to miss these gauges lurking in the shadows.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Greatest Inventions of All Time!</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Recently I came across an article about the greatest inventions as determined by a large group of scientists, philosophers, educators, and other professions. Their task was to create a list of "the Greatest Inventions of All Time." Conveniently, the final list numbered fifty! so, I'm starting with #50 and working my way down to Numero Uno in December.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Fear not as I will offer you some hints as to what the invention was.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b>#17</b></span><br />
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b>#17</b> is an instrument used for navigation and orientation that shows direction.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">It is considered as one of the <b><i>Four Greatest Chinese Inventions</i></b> - the other three being printing, gunpowder, and paper making.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">This instrument was first invented as a device for divination as early by the <b><i>Han Dynasty</i></b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(since c. 206 BC), and later adopted for navigation by the <b><i>Song Dynasty</i></b> during the 11th century. The first usage of a #17 recorded in Western Europe<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>occurred around 1190.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Murphy's Laws</i></b></span><br />
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<span class="s1"><b><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Pierson's Law. . .</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><b><i>If you're coasting, </i></b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><span style="-webkit-text-stroke: rgb(0, 0, 0);">you're probably going downhill</span>!</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Leaving You with a Laugh, I Hope. . .</i></b></span><br />
<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>"Road of Life. . ."</i></b></span></div>
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NikonJoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17118629062385262979noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674719306576611306.post-15760964369522219912018-08-20T02:00:00.000-04:002018-08-20T02:00:03.629-04:00#18 - "Radiator Slats"<br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">#19 was the <b><i>Industrial Steelmaking</i></b>! No tariffs on <b style="font-style: italic;">Elaine, Milt, Jeff W., Michelle, Peyton, Joani, </b>and <b style="font-style: italic;">Mike</b>. (Elaine had been driving through Bessemer, MI this past week!!)</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">"<b><i>Radiator Slats"</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">So much to see and shoot at the<b> Haul of Fame. </b>This was the grill work of a truck's radiator. The bits of rust taking over the rest of the radiator caught my attention. Also, liked the variations of yellow on the verticals - there is a full range here. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Greatest Inventions of All Time!</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Recently I came across an article about the greatest inventions as determined by a large group of scientists, philosophers, educators, and other professions. Their task was to create a list of "the Greatest Inventions of All Time." Conveniently, the final list numbered fifty! so, I'm starting with #50 and working my way down to Numero Uno in December.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Fear not as I will offer you some hints as to what the invention was.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b>#18</b></span><br />
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<span class="s1"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-size: large;">#18 t</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">ransformed daily life, our culture, and our landscape and</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">is a wheeled device used for transportation. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Most definitions say they run primarily on roads, seat one to eight people, have four tires, and mainly transport people rather than goods. They came into global use during the 20th century, and developed economies depended on them. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">The year 1886 is regarded as the birth year of this modern invention when German inventor <b><i>Karl Benz</i></b> patented his invention. One of the first that were accessible to the masses was developed in 1908 by <b><i>Henry Ford</i></b>. </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">#18 was rapidly adopted in the US, where they replaced animal drawn carriages and carts, but took much longer to be accepted in Western Europe and other parts of the world.</span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">No clues - too easy. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Murphy's Laws</i></b></span><br />
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<span class="s1"><b><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Phone Booth Rule. . .</span></b></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>A lone dime always gets the number - </i></b></span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>nearly right.</i></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>"Life. . ."</i></b></span></div>
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NikonJoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17118629062385262979noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674719306576611306.post-82140547562116396782018-08-13T02:00:00.000-04:002018-08-13T02:00:00.179-04:00#19 - "Gearing Up"<br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">#20 was the Pill. . .</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Well done my loyal followers - <b style="font-style: italic;">Peyton, Elaine, Mike, Tony, Milt, Michelle, Joani,</b> and photo-friend from Idaho,<b style="font-style: italic;"> Kathy B!</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">"<b><i>Gearing Up"</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Not much to shoot at this former textile mill (</span><b style="font-size: x-large;">Stone Mill</b><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">) so it was a challenge to find anything during my three hours there. This window opening device had fallen off the overhead skylights and was resting on a barrel. Later I was able to shoot others in their normal settings. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Greatest Inventions of All Time!</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Recently I came across an article about the greatest inventions as determined by a large group of scientists, philosophers, educators, and other professions. Their task was to create a list of "the Greatest Inventions of All Time." Conveniently, the final list numbered fifty! so, I'm starting with #50 and working my way down to Numero Uno in December.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Fear not as I will offer you some hints as to what the invention was.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b>#19</b></span><br />
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">#19 became the basis of modern industry</span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The <b>Bessemer process</b> was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass production of ore.</span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">The key principle is the removal of impurities from the ore by oxidation with air being blown through the molten ore. The oxidation also raises the temperature of the mass and keeps it molten.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s1">The modern process is named after its inventor, the Englishman <b><i>Henry Bessemer</i></b>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>who took out a patent on the process in 1856.</span><span class="s2"><sup> </sup></span><span class="s1">The process was said to be independently discovered in 1851 by the American inventor <b><i>William Kelly</i></b> though there is little to back up this claim.</span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>On the contrary, </i></b></span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>if you never procreate, neither will your kids.</i></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Leaving You with a Laugh, I Hope. . .</i></b></span><br />
<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>"Glad I Wasn't There!"</i></b></span></div>
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NikonJoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17118629062385262979noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674719306576611306.post-90737588157220310612018-08-06T02:00:00.000-04:002018-08-06T02:00:01.121-04:00#20 - "Double Valve"<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">#21 was Nuclear Fission! Good to see that <i style="font-weight: bold;">Milt, Tony, Elaine, Michelle, Joani, Peyton, </i>and <i style="font-weight: bold;">Mike</i> knew it as well.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">"<b><i>Double Valve"</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">I wondered, "Does this valve really belong to this machine or was it added for effect?" "And, why did it need two turn-off devices?"<b> </b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Well, I never got an answer to either concern but I liked it well enough to spend some time checking out the angles at the<b> Boston Waterworks Museum.</b> </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">The angles that these valves were left in and the colors complimenting each other and popping them out from the background added to my liking of this industrial item.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Greatest Inventions of All Time!</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Recently I came across an article about the greatest inventions as determined by a large group of scientists, philosophers, educators, and other professions. Their task was to create a list of "the Greatest Inventions of All Time." Conveniently, the final list numbered fifty! so, I'm starting with #50 and working my way down to Numero Uno in December.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Fear not as I will offer you some hints as to what the invention was.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b>#20</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span class="s1">It was first approved for use in the United States in 1960, and became a very popular form of birth control. They are currently used by more than 100 million women worldwide and by almost 12 million women in the United States. As of 2012, 16% of U.S. women aged 15–44 reported being on it, making it the most widely used method among women of that age range.</span><span class="s2"><sup> </sup></span><span class="s1">Use varies widely by country,</span><span class="s2"><sup> </sup></span><span class="s1">age, education, and marital status. One third of women aged 16–49 in the United Kingdom currently use either the it compared with only 1% of women in Japan.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>No multiple choices this week. . .</i></b></span><br />
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<span class="s1"><b><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Postal Postulate. . .</span></b></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>The announcement of the one event </i></b></span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>you most wanted to attend </i></b></span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>the day after the it has taken place!</i></b></span></span></div>
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NikonJoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17118629062385262979noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674719306576611306.post-2050120675847032442018-07-30T02:00:00.000-04:002018-07-30T02:00:00.210-04:00#21 - "Tooth and Gear"<br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">#22 was the Green Revolution - and that is just what <b style="font-style: italic;">Milt, Elaine, Mike, Peyton, Joani, </b>and<b style="font-style: italic;"> Michelle </b>thought.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">"<b><i>Tooth and Gear"</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Not exactly sure what these teeth were supposed to be driving but they looked impressive! The original color of the machine had been invaded by someone trying to cover over the orange. These beasts of construction were the kings of the site. This shot comes to via the <b>Haul of Fame.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Greatest Inventions of All Time!</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Recently I came across an article about the greatest inventions as determined by a large group of scientists, philosophers, educators, and other professions. Their task was to create a list of "the Greatest Inventions of All Time." Conveniently, the final list numbered fifty! so, I'm starting with #50 and working my way down to Numero Uno in December.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Fear not as I will offer you some hints as to what the invention was.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b>#21</b></span><br />
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b><i>Gave humans new power for destruction and creation. . .</i></b></span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">#21 is either a reaction or a decay process in which the nucleus of an atom splits into smaller parts. The process often produces free neutrons and game protons and releases a very large amount of energy even by the energetic standards of radioactive decay.</span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">This process of heavy elements was discovered on December 17, 1938 by German Otto Hahn and his assistant Fritz Strassmann, and explained theoretically in January 1939.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">I realize these clues are not very helpful so if you still need help, go to the bottom of this week's blog for multiple choices. . .</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Leaving You with a Laugh, I Hope. . .</i></b></span><br />
<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>"Sign Says It All!"</i></b></span></div>
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<span class="s2" style="color: #222222; font-family: "helvetica"; font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">A. Nuclear fission<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>B. Nitro glycerin<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke: rgb(34, 34, 34); color: #222222;">C. Solar power</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> D</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">. Gas turbine engine</span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"> </span></div>
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</style>NikonJoehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17118629062385262979noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7674719306576611306.post-21558554276064976102018-07-23T02:00:00.000-04:002018-07-23T02:00:07.943-04:00#22 - "Fuse Boxes"<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">#23 was the Sextant! Well, I heard from <b><i>Milt</i></b> and <b><i>Milt</i></b>. Also, <b><i>Milt</i></b> chimed in and his alter-ego, <b><i>Milt</i></b> as well. There were several other <b><i>Milts</i></b> in the got it right list!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">"<b><i>Fuse Boxes"</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Back to the <b>EB Abandoned Factory</b>! These fuse boxes were open for inspection and I'm sure they would have some story to tell about what took place within these walls. Ah, the good ol' days when the power went out and you had to find the fuse box in the dark and replace the burnt out item. In my youth this meant fumbling your way down three flights of stairs to the basement and then through the dark recesses of this lower level to the actual box. Had to remember to bring a fuse with you or it meant retracing your steps back to the third floor! Ah, the good ol' days. . .</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Greatest Inventions of All Time!</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Recently I came across an article about the greatest inventions as determined by a large group of scientists, philosophers, educators, and other professions. Their task was to create a list of "the Greatest Inventions of All Time." Conveniently, the final list numbered fifty! so, I'm starting with #50 and working my way down to Numero Uno in December.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Fear not as I will offer you some hints as to what the invention was.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b>#22</b></span><br />
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<span class="s1">i<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">s a set of research and the development of technology transfer initiatives occurring between the 1930s and the late 1960s, that increased agricultural production worldwide, particularly in the developing world, beginning most markedly in the late 1960s.</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span class="s2"><sup> </sup></span><span class="s1">The initiatives resulted in the adoption of new technologies, including, high-yield varieties (HYVs) of cereals, especially dwarf wheats and rices, in association with chemical fertilizers and with controlled water-supply and new methods of cultivation, including mechanization. All of these together were seen as a 'package of practices' to supersede 'traditional' technology and to be adopted as a whole.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span class="s1"><sup></sup></span><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><span class="s1">Both the Ford Foundation and the Rockefeller Foundation were heavily involved.</span><span class="s2"><sup> </sup></span><span class="s1">One key leader was Norman Borlaug, the agricultural economist who devised this approach, has been credited with saving more than 1 billion people from starvation, received the Nobel <br />
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<span class="s1">I realize these clues are not very helpful so if you still need help, go to the bottom of this week's blog for multiple choices. . . </span></div>
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<span class="s1"><b><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Rune's Rule. . .</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>"Air Space Museum"</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke: rgb(0, 0, 0);">A. Water sprinklers</span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="-webkit-text-stroke: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke: rgb(0, 0, 0);">B. Co-op Farming</span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="-webkit-text-stroke: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="-webkit-text-stroke: rgb(0, 0, 0);">C. Pesticides</span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="-webkit-text-stroke: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke: rgb(0, 0, 0);">D. The Green Revolution</span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span class="Apple-converted-space" style="-webkit-text-stroke: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">#24 was the Telephone - as if you didn't know! </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><i style="font-weight: bold;">Peyton, Milt, Joani, Michelle, </i>and <i style="font-weight: bold;">Mike</i> all answered the call!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">"<b><i>Rusted Out"</i></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Could have spent several days at the<b> Haul of Fame! </b>I did want to return when there was a dusting of snow to give the rusting vehicles a different look - perhaps by the end of December?</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">This metal identification label was affixed to the side of a large steam shovel. The colors came together for this shot. Rust is always a fun photographic subject.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="color: blue; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Greatest Inventions of All Time!</i></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Recently I came across an article about the greatest inventions as determined by a large group of scientists, philosophers, educators, and other professions. Their task was to create a list of "the Greatest Inventions of All Time." Conveniently, the final list numbered fifty! so, I'm starting with #50 and working my way down to Numero Uno in December.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Fear not as I will offer you some hints as to what the invention was.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b>#23 </b></span><span style="-webkit-text-stroke: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">made maps out of stars.</span></span><br />
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">It is a doubly reflecting navigation instrument<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>that measures the angular distance between two visible objects. The primary use of a sextant is to measure the angle between an astronomical object and the horizon for the purposes of celestial navigation. The estimation of this angle, the altitude, is known as <i>sighting</i> or <i>shooting</i> the object, or <i>taking a sight</i>. The angle, and the time when it was measured, can be used to calculate a position line on a nautical or aeronautical chart. The principle of the instrument was first implemented around 1731 by <b><i>John Hadley </i></b>and <b><i>Thomas Godfrey</i></b>, but it was also found later in the unpublished writings of <b><i>Issac Newton.</i></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #38761d; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Murphy's Laws</i></b></span><br />
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<span class="s1"><b><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;">Johnson's Second Law. . .</span></b></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>If, in the course of several months, </i></b></span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>only three worthwhile social events take place, </i></b></span></span></div>
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<span class="s1"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>they will all fall on the same evening.</i></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: x-large;"><b><i>Leaving You with a Laugh, I Hope. . .</i></b></span><br />
<span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i><br /></i></b></span><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit; font-size: large;"><b><i>"New Arrivals"</i></b></span></div>
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